Farm Liaison Officer Jessica Graham has been actively engaging with her network of farms across Cumbria and southwest Scotland, discussing mitigation options with their advisors. Together, they have explored various approaches and are laying the groundwork for increasing efficiency and lower greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs).
One of the more popular strategies emerging from these discussions has been optimising feed formulation. Across the farms she supports, several common themes have become apparent.
Firstly, accurate data collection is central to success. Regular sampling of forages and mixed rations at feed out, and monitoring of feed wastage, provide essential insight into what cows are actually consuming. This enables adjustments to rations, minimises wastage and ensures that diets are delivered consistently. Digital tools and monitoring systems are increasingly being used to record and analyse feed inputs and outputs, giving farmers a clear understanding of efficiency and areas for improvement.
Another recurring theme is smarter ration design. Rations are tailored to meet the nutritional needs of the herd while also addressing economic and environmental objectives. Strategies include optimising protein levels, incorporating yeast, adding protected fats or linseed and making the most of high-quality forage. Adjustments are being made with attention to animal health, breed-specific requirements and production goals, including milk yield and milk solids. Improvements to milk or feed efficiency helps the same herd deliver more output with fewer GHGs per litre of milk produced.
Maximising the use of homegrown forage is also a key focus. By relying more on on-farm feed resources and reviewing swards with advisors, farms can cut costs while lowering their carbon footprint. Precision feeding, silage pushers and automated mixing systems are among the tools being considered to ensure forage is efficiently and consistently consumed.
Finally, ongoing review and adaptation underpin successful feed optimisation. Regular monitoring of cow performance, feed intake and wastage allows for continuous improvement in ration formulation. Collaboration between farmers, nutritionists and academic teams ensures changes will be evidence-based, with advanced tools, including diet formulation software and methane monitoring technology, helping to quantify environmental impacts.
Through careful data collection, precise ration formulation, efficient use of forage, and continuous review, farms can enhance herd health and productivity while taking meaningful steps toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions.